BUSINESS NEGOTIATING TACTICS: MODERN APPROACHES AND
INSPIRATIONAL REVENUE-INCREASING TOOLS
Radka Vaníčková
Management, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31410/limen.2018.213
4th International Scientific – Business Conference LIMEN 2018 – Leadership & Management: Integrated Politics of Research and Innovations, Belgrade – Serbia, December 13, 2018, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS published by: Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Engineering Management – Belgrade, Serbia; Modern Business School – Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Business and Management Sciences – Novo Mesto, Slovenia; Faculty of Business Management and Informatics – Novo Mesto, Slovenia; Business Academy Smilevski – BAS, Skopje, Macedonia; BAS Institute of Management, Bitola, Macedonia, ISBN 978-86-80194-15-8
with customers in order to improve it. Modern approaches and negotiating tactics are used.
The analytical part of the chapter defines concepts such as business negotiation,
communication process, business negotiator, customer and negotiating tactics. The application
part of the chapter interprets results of research on behavior of customers and sale
representative. To collect and analyze primary and secondary data, the questionnaire survey,
controlled interviews and observing were used including own experience of the author of the
chapter in communication with key customer during business negotiation. Proposals,
recommendations and measures to improve the current situation were submitted. This was
made in order to strengthen the current situation with customers/clients and to support creation
of new business partnership which is based on trust, loyalty, satisfaction and interest of newly
asked customers/clients who participate in the increase in demand on product/service.
negotiating tactics.
[1] Åge, L. J., Eklinder-Frick, J. (2017). Goal-oriented balancing: happy–happy negotiations
beyond win–win situations. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. 32 (4), pp. 525-
534.
[2] Agndal, H., Åge, L. J., Eklinder-Frick, J. (2017). Two decades of business negotiation
research: an overview and suggestions for future studies. Journal of Business and Industrial
Marketing. 32 (4), pp. 487-504.
[3] Al-Khatib, J. A., Al Habib, M. I., Bogari, N., Salamah, N. (2016). The ethical profile of
global marketing negotiators. Business Ethics. 25 (2), pp. 172-186.
[4] Amistad, C., Dunlop, P. D., Ng, R., Anglim, J., Fells, R. (2018). Personality and Integrative
Negotiations: A HEXACO Investigation of Actor, Partner, and Actor–Partner Interaction
Effects on Objective and Subjective Outcomes. European Journal of Personality. 32 (4),
pp. 427-442.
[5] Bednář, V. (2012). Strategie vyjednávání. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada. ISBN 978-80-247-3858-
1.
[6] Clempner, J. B. (2018). Strategic Manipulation Approach for Solving Negotiated Transfer
Pricing Problem. Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications. 178 (1), pp. 304-316.
[7] d’Andria, A., Gabarret, I., Vedel, B. (2018). Resilience and effectuation for a successful
business takeover. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research. 24 (7),
pp. 1200-1221.
[8] DeVito, A. J. (2001). Základy mezilidské komunikace. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada. ISBN 80-
7169-988-8.
[9] Dinkevych, E., Wilken, R., Aykac, T., Jacob, F., Prime, N. (2017). Can outnumbered
negotiators succeed? The case of intercultural business negotiations. International
Business Review. 26 (3), pp. 592-603.
[10] Fazliani, H., Charoenngam, C. (2015). Cultural, external and behavioral factors in claims
negotiations. International Journal of Energy Sector Management. 9 (4), pp. 619-642.
[11] Fells, R. (2009). Effective negotiation: From research to results. Effective Negotiation:
From Research to Results. pp. 1-239.
[12] Fleming, D. E., Hawes, J. M. (2017). The negotiation scorecard: a planning tool in business
and industrial marketing. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. 32 (4), pp. 519-
524.
[13] Gálik, S. (2012). Psychologie přesvědčování. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada. ISBN 978-80-247-
4247-2.
[14] Geiger, I. (2017). A model of negotiation issue–based tactics in business-to-business sales
negotiations. Industrial Marketing Management. 64, pp. 91-106.
[15] Guerrero, V., Richards, J. (2015). Female entrepreneurs and negotiation self-efficacy: A
study on negotiation skill building among women entrepreneurs. Journal of
Entrepreneurship Education. 18 (2), pp. 17-28.
[16] Hilton, L. (2018). Win-win contract negotiations. Urology Times. 46 (8), pp. 42-43.
[17] Holopainen, T., Röhr, T., Tómasson, M., Murzin, M., Ben-Amor, M. (2019). Sales
competition as education method – The case of the European sales engineering team
competition. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 783, pp. 64-75.
[18] Che Azmi, A., Voon, Y. H. (2016). The Effect of Clients’ Auditing Experience and
Concession-Timing Strategies on Auditor-Client Negotiations. Group Decision and
Negotiation. 25 (5), pp. 1049-1069.
[19] Cheng, J., Huang, Y., Su, Y. (2018). Culturally varied relationality in buyer-supplier
negotiations: a multi-session simulation. International Journal of Conflict Management. 29
(1), pp. 47-69.
[20] Janusch, H. (2018). The Interaction Effects of Bargaining Power: The Interplay between
Veto Power, Asymmetric Interdependence, Reputation, and Audience Costs. Negotiation
Journal. 34 (3), pp. 219-241.
[21] Jelinek, R. (2014). Beyond commitment: Entrenchment in the buyer-seller exchange.
Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. 34 (4), pp. 272-284.
[22] Kaufmann, L., Rottenburger, J., Carter, C. R., Schlereth, C. (2018). Bluffs, Lies, and
Consequences: A Reconceptualization of Bluffing in Buyer–Supplier Negotiations.
Journal of Supply Chain Management. 54 (2), pp. 49-70.
[23] Khakhar, P., Ahmed, Z. U. (2017). The concepts of power in international business
negotiations: An empirical investigation.
Journal of Transnational Management. 22 (1), pp. 25-52.
[24] Kurtzberg, T. R., Kang, S., Naquin, C. E. (2018). The Effect of Screen Size and ECommunication
Richness on Negotiation Performance. Group Decision and Negotiation.
27 (4), pp. 573-592.
[25] Laubert, C., Geiger, I. (2018). Disentangling complexity: how negotiators identify and
handle issue-based complexity in business-to-business negotiation. Journal of Business
Economics. 88 (9), pp. 1061-1103.
[26] Leicher, R. (2005). Prodávejte s úspěchem! Praktické rady a tipy pro všechny prodejce a
obchodní zástupce. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada. ISBN 80-247-1439-6.
[27] Le Gargasson, C., Pirela, A. (2015). Tourism and sustainable development: Empowering,
communities, innovation al local negotiation capacities. Espacios. 35 (1).
[28] Lempereur, A., Pekar, M. (2017). The distributive knot: negotiators ‘responsibility to untie
complex demands. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. 32 (4), pp. 535-540.
[29] Lopez-Fresno, P., Savolainen, T., Miranda, S. (2017). The importance of trust and
information sharing for integrative negotiations. Proceedings of the European Conference
on Knowledge Management, ECKM. 1, pp. 598-604.
[30] Marchi, S., Targi, N., Parlangeli, O. (2019). Negotiation and Emotions: Does Empathy
Affect Virtual Bargaining? Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 825, pp. 605-
615.
[31] Mejía-Arauz, R., Rogoff, B., Dayton, A., Henne-Ochoa, R. (2018). Collaboration or
negotiation: two ways of interacting suggest how shared thinking develops. Current
Opinion in Psychology. 23, pp. 117-123.
[32] Olekalns, M., Smith, P. L. (2018). A Satisfied Mind: Motivational Orientation, Feedback
and the Subjective Value of Negotiation Outcomes. Group Decision and Negotiation. 27
(2), pp. 179-196.
[33] Peleckis, K. (2016). International business negotiation strategies based on bargaining
power assessment: the case of attracting investments. Journal of Business Economics and
Management. 17 (6), pp. 882-900.
[34] Petrescu, D. C., Petrescu-Mag, R. M. (2016). Propensity to negotiate: Business vs
environment. Quality – Access to Success. 17, pp. 138-141.
[35] Puccinelli, N. M., Motyka, S., Grewal, D. (2010). Can you trust a customer’s expression?
Insights into nonverbal communication in the retail context. Psychology and Marketing.
27 (10), pp. 964-988.
[36] Puccinelli, N. M., Andrzejewski, S. A., Markos, E., Noga, T., Motyka, S. (2013). The value
of knowing what customers really want: The impact of salesperson ability to read nonverbal
cues of effect on service quality. Journal of Marketing Management. 29 (3-4), pp.
356-373.
[37] Preuss, M., van der Wijst, P. (2017). A phase-specific analysis of negotiation styles.
Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. 32 (4), pp. 505-518.
[38] Raith, M. G., Starke, C. (2017). Negotiating the Organizational Effectiveness of Social
Ventures among Multiple Stakeholders. Voluntas. 28 (4), pp. 1473-1499.
[39] Schaerer, M., Schweinsberg, M., Swaab, R. I. (2018). Imaginary alternatives: The effects
of mental simulation on powerless negotiators. Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology. 115 (1), pp. 96-117.
[40] Shell, R. (2006). Bargaining for Advantage: Negotiation Strategies for Reasonable People.
2nd ed. New York: Penguin. ISBN 978-01-430-3697-5.
[41] Schneider, G. (2004). Capacity and concessions: Bargaining power in multilateral
negotiations. Millennium: Journal of International Studies. 33 (3), pp. 665-689.
[42] Sigurdardottir, A. G., Ujwary-Gil, A., Candi, M. (2018). B2B negotiation tactics in creative
sectors. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing. 33 (4), pp. 429-441.
[43] Schwepker, C. H. (2017). Psychological ethical climate, leader–member exchange and
commitment to superior customer value: influencing salespeople’s unethical intent and
sales performance. Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management. 37 (1), pp. 72-87.
[44] Sun, C. J. (2018). The bargaining correspondence: when Edgeworth meets Nash. Social
Choice and Welfare. 51 (2), pp. 337-359.
[45] Termann, S. (2002). Umění přesvědčit a vyjednat. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada. Manažer. ISBN
80-247-0304-1.
[46] Thiele, A. (2010). Jak na “špinavé” triky a útoky v komunikaci: úspěšná argumentace ve
stresu. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada. ISBN 978-80-247-3310-4.
[47] Vymětal, J. (2008). Průvodce úspěšnou komunikací: efektivní komunikace v praxi. 1. vyd.
Praha: Grada. ISBN 978-80-247-2614-4.
[48] Westbrook, K. W., Arendall, C. S., Padelford, W. M. (2011). Gender, competitiveness, and
unethical negotiation strategies. Gender in Management. 26 (4), pp. 289-310.
[49] Wilken, R., Jacob, F., Prime, N. (2013). The ambiguous role of cultural moderators in
intercultural business negotiations. International Business Review. 22 (4), pp. 736-753.
[50] Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Yang, Y., Zhou, Q. (2018). Bargaining Power in Tourist Shopping.
Journal of Travel Research. 57 (7), pp. 947-961.